Baseline properties
7 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Fifteen studied dietary sources of calcium (n=810 calcium, n=723 controls),16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 and 51 studied calcium supplements (n=6547 calcium, n=5710 controls).7 12 13 14 15 17 19 20 21 22 26 28 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Table 1 ? shows study design and selected baseline characteristics for included studies of dietary calcium. Tables 2 and 3 show the study design and selected baseline characteristics for trials of calcium supplements, without and with additional vitamin D, respectively. ? ? Further details are in tables A-C in appendix 2. Of the 15 randomised controlled trials of dietary sources of calcium, 10 used milk or milk powder, two used dairy products, and three used hydroxyapatite preparations. Of the 51 trials of calcium supplements, 36 studied calcium monotherapy, 13 co-administered CaD, and two were multi-arm studies of both. Table 4 summarises other features of the trials ? . Most of them studied calcium without vitamin D in women aged <70 living in the community; the mean baseline dietary calcium intake was <800 mg/day; and most trials lasted ?2 years. A calcium dose of >500 mg/day was used in most trials, but a higher proportion of trials of calcium supplements used a dose of https://datingranking.net/es/mas-de-50-citas/ ?1000 mg/day. Table C in appendix 2 shows our assessment of risk of bias. Of the 15 trials of dietary sources of calcium, we assessed two as low risk of bias, six as moderate risk, and seven as high risk. Of the 51 trials of calcium supplements, we assessed 19 as low risk of bias, 12 as moderate risk, and 20 as high risk.
Form of randomised regulated products and you will chose baseline attributes of qualified examples from calcium supplements which also utilized vitamin D capsules
No. 1 analyses
Dining table 5 ? summarises the outcomes of meta-analyses. Broadening calcium supplements intake regarding weightloss supply improved BMD because of the 0.6-1.0% at the complete cool and you will complete looks at the 1 year and by 0.7-1.8% during the those web sites therefore the lumbar spine and you may femoral shoulder at the couple of years (figs step one and you will 2 ? ? . There was no influence on BMD on forearm.
Fig step 1 Random outcomes meta-studies regarding effect of losing weight sourced elements of calcium supplements towards fee alter when you look at the limbs mineral density (BMD) out of baseline during the 12 months
Fig 2 Random effects meta-research of effect of weight-loss resources of calcium supplements into the commission change into the limbs nutrient density (BMD) of baseline on couple of years
When we minimal brand new analyses to your a dozen randomised managed samples regarding milk or dairy food, by leaving out about three examples out of hydroxyapatite, there can be absolutely nothing change in the outcome. Calcium supplements increased BMD anyway five skeletal web sites because of the 0.7-1.4% at the 1 year (figs step 3 and you may 4 ? ? ), by the 0.8-1.5% from the 24 months (figs 5 and you can 6 ? ? ), and also by 0.8-step one.8% at the more two-and-a-half ages (fig eight ? ) (listing of lifetime of examples try three to five many years).